The are two main types of guitar: acoustic and electric. One is designed to be played acoustically, without the use of electricity, and the other is designed to be played electrically, by being plugged into an amplifier and speaker.
Acoustic guitars come in two main types: steel string acoustics and nylon string acoustics. Nylon string acoustics are sometimes called "classical" guitars although there are other types of nylon string acoustic guitars too. Most people, when they think of an "acoustic guitar" think of a steel string, flat-top guitar with a circular sound hole, and this is the type of acoustic guitar that most people want to play. There are also some, maybe rather stupid, people who don't know what the word "acoustic" means and believe that a nylon string guitar is not acoustic!
The word "classic" when used to describe a guitar means exactly the same thing as it does in terms like, "classic album", "classic car", "classic recipe" etc. - it refers to the popularity, acceptance, fame, etc. of the item and has nothing to do with how it is made. "Classic" and "classical" are two different words with different meanings.
A bass guitar is so-called because it looks a bit like, and is constructed like,a a guitar. It is a completely different instrument and, in terms of its function and how it's played, has more in common with the double bass than with the guitar.
When I was in my early teens (many years ago) I decided that as soon as I had the money I would buy a guitar and learn to play it. Over the years, whilst I waited, I learnt everything I could about guitars - I watched them on TV, sent of for catalogues, read magazines and just gazed lovingly at pictures. I knew the different types of guitars, knew the names of parts, knew physically how they were played, knew how they were tuned etc. etc. I found out everything that I could. Before I could afford a guitar I had pitch pipes, picks, finger picks, a capo, a chord book, a beginners playing guide and spare strings.
Nowadays, people don't seem to bother doing that - they claim to be interested in something, even passionate about it, but haven't been interested enough to find out anything about it. They even post questions here asking if they should get a guitar, how can they learn, what songs should they play, should they get a new guitar, if so which one. I find that ridiculous and rather sad.
This is not he best place to find reliable information and I suggest that if you are interested in guitars you do what I, and so many people did all those years ago.