I thumbed down 'Lost' but had to think about it. And the other guy went right into his gear set up.
Then it occurred to me that you said you are on a 'budget', even wishing to obtain all the components of a complete, hands-on studio. Its gonna take some bucks, and Lost may have been right after all.
I first suggest to do some no-cost research on everything you think you need, and then find out what you really can work with to start learning the process, even on a simpler level but achieve some good results. And, less of a shock on the 'budget'.
Get to a GC, seek out the DJ, recording and road equipment department(s) to learn of the products available and come to understand what they are used for and to what extent. You can bypass much of what you 'think' you need for a good home studio and save a bundle if you know what the equipment does before jumping in and buying up what even a salesman may suggest in getting you started.
The laptop may be central and of course, compatible software has to work with it, besides dealing with any audio interface to link it all up, So far in this, will be enough to learn what recording and burning CDs are all about. Good first step and costly enough. Oh, a good set of headphones should be right after this, to understand monitoring and playback. They take the place of even the best speakers. Don't skimp on the quality.
Now, to expand and continue your studio (as you will certainly must have some dedicated space from here), ALL the other items on your list could cost well over what you have invested so far being mentioned.
Monitor speakers. Microphone(s), for voice and/or instruments as there are differences in pick-up configurations and results for recording clarity. Soundboard (mixer, phantom recorder, channel blending,etc.). Not cheap, and shouldn't be. But, so much to learn and become familiar with over time to get it all down. Read up on them well before purchasing, once again, to really get what you pay for and what your needs really require for your studio in question.
All the 'good' brands are out there. All the stuff dreams are made of when it comes to putting together a great little sanctuary of sound appreciations and recording techniques galore.
But study first, explore, and then obtain the gear. Like anything else, you have to have a plan, a road map, to better experience the trip ahead. And it could last a lifetime, in your own lifestyle.
I got the books first (well, started with a couple of reel to reels), checked out the products and collected what fit my own needs over the decades. And it has been a rewarding and learning experience to say the least.
I can leave such evidence of my work when I am long gone.
I've got a few of the reels; a couple of analog cassette decks; a nice modest Tascam 4-track; a half dozen Sony (3 pairs) of dedicated monitors (not to mention the PC pair); a fat JVC 5.1 amp; Sony tape; and a T.C. Electronic engine processor. Going all digital soon (I hope), after throwing out the interface. Good luck on those. Oh gee, and of course 3 pairs of headphones (one since the 70's) and a variety of mikes and stands.
And, 40 years worth of accomplished recordings, master and copy.
It all just didn't happen either, overnight. But as I needed, I added.