It's not a dumb question - nobody is born knowing this stuff. :)
A "head" is the amplifier - the equipment that processes the input signal from your guitar and outputs a new signal based on your dial settings.
A "cab" or "cabinet" is the box with the speakers in it. You need both of these to get your sound.
When you hear people speak of an "amp", they're typically referring to a combo amp. These are very common, and are the all-in-one combination of amp + cabinet.
So you either need:
1) a combo amp, or
2) an amp head, AND a cabinet.
As a beginning/intermediate player, it's almost never worthwhile to buy a separate amp head and cabinet, unless you come across them used and inexpensive.
And just to be perfectly clear: You never need both an amp head, and combo amp. It's redundant.
Here's an explanation in pictures:
Combo amp (both the amplifier and speakers): http://guitars.musiciansfriend.com/product/Fender-Frontman-212R-100W-2x12-Guitar-Combo-Amp?sku=481601
Amp head (requires a cabinet): http://guitars.musiciansfriend.com/product/Marshall-JVM-Series-JVM205H-50W-Tube-Guitar-Amp-Head?sku=481671
Cabinet (requires an amp head): http://guitars.musiciansfriend.com/product/Marshall-Vintage-Modern-425A-or-425B-4x12-Extension-Speaker-Cabinet?sku=480773